Measurement of the Effects of Abstinence from Tabacco Research Paper

Measurement of the Effects of Abstinence from Tabacco - Research Paper Example Such an all-encompassing impulse commenced as a reaction to the radical behaviorism of Watson, Pavlov and Skinner. The latter had boasted that any and every behavior could be learned or â€Å"extinguished† by applying the principles of operant conditioning alone. Behaviorism failed as a universal paradigm because it could not account for resilience, motivation and altruism, among others. Humanistic psychology emerged as a return to the inward-looking thrust of the great pioneers of psychiatry (e.g. Freud). Subsequently, discoveries in neurology and biochemical psychology led to the other extreme of viewing human dysfunction as singular or cascading biochemical phenomena. Following that line of reasoning, any source of discomfort or disequilibrium should be treated forthwith with the appropriate drugs. Hence, even â€Å"childhood hyperkinesis†, the other term for ADD, was routinely treated with psychoactive drugs such as the CNS stimulants Methylphenidate/Dexmethylphenid ate, the high-risk norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and amphetamine derivatives (Zieve & Berger, 2011), the latter classed by the Drug Enforcement Administration as Type II addictive substances. Such an aggressive approach has been called into question, partly on the grounds that long-term drug use fail to reverse depressive states in adults, for example, and the observed bias for referring male pupils as so rowdy that they â€Å"must be† afflicted by chronic ADD (Sciutto, Nolfi, & Bluhm, (2004). In 1970, Howell, Huessy and Hassuk (1985) embarked on a longitudinal study that followed a cohort of school children for the next decade-and-a-half. That rigorous research design, which produced the data set subject of this paper, aimed to strengthen construct validity. If it could be shown that children who scored high on an ADD screening study instrument also had adverse outcomes in point of academic achievement, grade point average, dropping out of school, social adjustment, an d failing to graduate from high school despite controlling for intelligence, then it could reasonably be concluded that ADD was a crippling condition and not just a transient phenomenon in child development. Method Participants (ALREADY WRITTEN IN STUDENT DRAFT) Procedure (DITTO) Measures (DITTO) Results Descriptive Statistics Tables 1 and 2 (below) show, first of all, the variables that have to do purely with participant profiles for gender and IQ, from the Howell, Huessy and Hassuk (1985) data set of 216 students. Table 1 Descriptive Statistics for Gender Descriptive Statistics: GENDER N 216 Range 1 Sum 316 Mode 1 Median 1 Mean N.A. Std. Deviation N.A. N.A. = Not applicable because nominal-type variable. Table 2 Descriptive Statistics for IQ N Valid 216 Missing 0 Mean 102.35 Std. Error of Mean .854 Median 103.00 Mode 95 Std. Deviation 12.558 Range 82 Sum 22109 Figure 1: Distribution of IQ Scores We next examine the descriptive statistics for the criterion variable, ADD scores. Tab le 3: ADD-like Behavior Score (Mean of 3) N Valid 216 Missing 0 Mean 52.8480 Std. Error of Mean .71118 Median 53.0000 Mode 51.67 Std. Deviation 10.45221 Range 52.00 Sum 11415.17 Percentiles 10 39.2333 20 42.8000 25

Gun Control Essay Example for Free

Gun Control Essay Gun Control seems to be more of an issue today than it has ever been in the history of our world. We’ve all heard tragic news stories about gun violence; we’ve been hearing about these stories since we’ve been old enough to remember. Gun control has always been a controversial issue, but it could possibly be the most controversial of all issues now. The recent shootings at Sandy Hook in Newport, Connecticut have placed gun control at the front of the line. Gun control isn’t relative to my field of study, but it is an issue that I feel ignorant about. I can understand the views of both sides of the debate, but I work with many gun enthusiasts who are narrow-minded towards this issue, and I want to put an end to this ignorance; not just at my place of work, but anywhere that the issue is being discussed. This is a very serious and sensitive issue that will affect my children’s future, and I need to educate myself because I want to be involved. Gun violence is out of control and needs to be stopped. Gun control has been, and probably always will be, an issue that will always have opposition; but the issue needs to be addressed now more than ever. It’s not an issue of gun control in general; it’s an issue of gun control today. Everyone wants to comment on the ineffectiveness of gun control laws in the past, such as the assault rifle band; stating that gun violence never decreased from these laws

Jennifers Radio :: Essays Papers

Jennifer's Radio What is the radio? An electronic technology or a human technology? The radio is such a popular item in todays society that most families have several. There is no escaping the radio, it is a constant necessity that all of us have come to require in our daily lives. When people hear about the radio they associate it with electricity, but they do not think about the human aspect. The human aspect is very important in the development of the radio and I will convey that in this paper. People invented the radio in 1894; it was a simple design composed of copper, tubes, lightbulbs, and peoples imaginations. All objects influenced by technology have derived from imaginations and ideas of humans. Human technology is the primary influence in the development of the radio, as opposed to electronic technology, which is secondary. When we think of technology we generally think of electronic devices and electricity, but that is not where machines got their first start. Electricity did not come up with the idea or designs for the radio; it was merely added to the already present machinery. Electricity is a form of electronic technology. Electronic technology is the addition of electricity, and power to energize machines through electronic contact. Human technology is the thought, intelligence, mathematics, science, and language of humans. It is brainpower and the imagination. Human technology is the primary influence over the radio, but I can not rule out the secondary influence of electricity all together. Electricity is one of the key parts to the radios formation. Radios count on electricity; this is how they work, and is one of the main factors that has changed this artifact. It is the constant surrounding factor for the future of the radio, but not the radios inventor. Electricity does not have imagination or thought, it can not dream something up and put it in everyones home, and only human beings have this gift. To complete this brief introduction I will now explain the remainder of this paper. It will trace the development of the radio from the first inventor to the new radios of the future. I will discuss that in 1894 the first radio was built, and the design and size was complex. By the 1950s the radio had taken on new characteristics and simpler operation, and now in the twenty-first century electricity has completely changed the look and purpo se of the radio.

Comm 399 Assignment 2

Comm 399- 204 Question 1: a) The flow unit for the above steps is patients. b) The resources needed for: i) pre-surgery examination and orientation are the blood and urine test equipment, dinner supplies, tea and cookies and a bed. ii) surgery are the anesthetic, operating table, supplies, operating room, a surgeon iii) recovery are a wheel chair, cookies and tea and a bed. Question 2 a) The weekly throughput rate of the hospital is 120 patients/ week b) The average bed utilization is 450/ 630 = 71% c) | 90| 90| 90| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 60| | | | 60| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 30| 30| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mond| Tues| Wed| Thurs| Fri| Sat| Sun| Question 3 a) The average bed utilization would be 540/ 630= 86%. b) | 90| 90| 90| 90| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 60| | | | | 60| 60| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mond| Tues| Wed| Thurs| Fri| Sat| Sun| Question 4 a) Yes more capacity does need to be added to the faci lity. The bottleneck resource is the available beds and this directly affects the throughput rate.By increasing the number of available beds the hospital can admit more patients and operate on more of them leading to an increased throughput rate. b) My suggestion would be to first add an additional operation room so the throughput rate of operations from doctors could match that of the operating rooms available at 48 per day. Then I would suggest adding additional beds adding up to as many as 54 [ (48-30) *3 ]. This would maximize the number or patients able to be operated on and take care of, reaching the capacity rate for the different stages.

Evaluate the morality of specific actions Essay

Imagine a pilot enter the cabinet and flies the plane to great heights beyond the reach of the eyes; that is his normal job. And suddenly, storms begin to wage war against the plane and the passengers. It is the responsibility of the pilot to find ways to maintain order, protect the lives and property of the passengers above every other thing. In this situation, with the necessary assistance, he would stretch his mind and brain to pilot the plane to safety. Or imagine a doctor at the emergency ward; he is confronted with a large number of rescuers from a nearby road traffic accident, he can not procrastinate his intervention. By that, people would die. That’s not good; it is wickedness. He must rise to the occasion and give his best to resuscitate those lives; otherwise he stands the risk of prosecution for negligence of diet. A reporter makes a mistake in a magazine article, you can run a correction; but when a health care worker makes a mistake, someone can die. A close and in-depth thought of this profound statement would show that we need to hold people in certain professions to higher standards of legal accountability and responsibility. Humans are liable to errors but such errors should be limited within the spectacle of manageable danger. The outcomes of some errors are more dangerous than others. This is reason ethics have become an integral part of major professions. It underscores the need for accountability as a means of maintaining order and balance within organization. As much as some errors can not be avoided or better still are unprecedented, ethics guides into an error-free environment. With the aforementioned examples and the place of ethics, one would realize that it is important to attach the appropriate standard to different professions based on the outcome of a mistake. It is indeed possible to rewrite a report than replace a life. Occupations that deal directly with life should attract the highest standard; such include health care, transportation, and food and drugs production. This helps to maintain reduce casualties resulting from mistakes. There is also improved service. However, such a relative distribution can encourage lackadaisical input from such ‘lowered’ professions accrued lower standards. And this may not be good for the nation. In any way, ethics per profession continues to be the standard. This position is indeed consistent with the moral philosophy propagated earlier. To whom much is given much is expected. There is no deviation form the philosophy earlier propagated.

Free Essays on Two Directions For America

Americans face a critical decision about the direction of our country, not just in 2004 but for the long term. One is the conservative path for America: tax breaks for the wealthy that do little for the middle class while saddling us with massive debt; government by and for corporations that is indifferent to the struggles of everyday families; and a radical and destabilizing foreign policy that has overburdened our military and left our nation less secure. The other is a progressive path for America: Middle class tax breaks, affordable health care, and increasing economic opportunities to help the middle class. The progressive path for America is one that believes every American should have the opportunity to make the most of their lives given their talents and ambitions. Government has an important role in helping people reach their potential by promoting good paying jobs at home, supporting affordable health care for all, and providing quality education as the foundation of an increasing quality of life. Honest and fair government that puts the needs of citizens above all else. The progressive path honors our democratic values by focusing on what is right and necessary for all Americans, not just those with high paid lobbyists and political or financial clout. And a strong and measured foreign policy that fights our enemies everywhere and earns respect for American values and intentions. As former President Clinton stated earlier this week, "Strength and wisdom are not opposing values." America must relentlessly hunt down and eliminate fundamentalist extremists who aim to destroy our way of life. But in doing so, we must uphold our basic values, honor our international allies and prove to the world that the American way is a just and righteous way toward global security.... Free Essays on Two Directions For America Free Essays on Two Directions For America Americans face a critical decision about the direction of our country, not just in 2004 but for the long term. One is the conservative path for America: tax breaks for the wealthy that do little for the middle class while saddling us with massive debt; government by and for corporations that is indifferent to the struggles of everyday families; and a radical and destabilizing foreign policy that has overburdened our military and left our nation less secure. The other is a progressive path for America: Middle class tax breaks, affordable health care, and increasing economic opportunities to help the middle class. The progressive path for America is one that believes every American should have the opportunity to make the most of their lives given their talents and ambitions. Government has an important role in helping people reach their potential by promoting good paying jobs at home, supporting affordable health care for all, and providing quality education as the foundation of an increasing quality of life. Honest and fair government that puts the needs of citizens above all else. The progressive path honors our democratic values by focusing on what is right and necessary for all Americans, not just those with high paid lobbyists and political or financial clout. And a strong and measured foreign policy that fights our enemies everywhere and earns respect for American values and intentions. As former President Clinton stated earlier this week, "Strength and wisdom are not opposing values." America must relentlessly hunt down and eliminate fundamentalist extremists who aim to destroy our way of life. But in doing so, we must uphold our basic values, honor our international allies and prove to the world that the American way is a just and righteous way toward global security....

Free Essays on Cronan Paul

PAUL CRONAN CASE Ethics deals with questions and subjects at all levels. Its subject consists of the fundamental issues of practical decision making, and its major concerns include the nature of high values and the standards by which human actions can be judged by right or wrong. This is based on areas such as culture, socio-economic, community, and religion. The terms ethics and morality are closely related. We now often refer to ethical judgments or ethical principles where it once would have been more common to speak of moral judgments or moral principles. Academically, however, the term refers not to morality itself but to the field of study, or branch of inquiry, that has morality as its subject matter. In this sense, ethics is equivalent to moral philosophy. I will examine the case from the point of view of the corporate entity. The corporation or company will often be under the specific â€Å"spotlight† per say, although all agents of the organization will deal with such situations as in the Paul Cronan Case. This would especially be the case when dealing with an individual discrimination issue or ethical situation. Larger areas such as environment ethics most often would point the finger or involve the company as entity from the beginning of the issue. Then the company itself may find revelation within its ranks. 1) The key ethical issues in this case would be privacy of the employee and medical records, discrimination, and occupational safety or the safety of others. 2) There was no continuity between policy and accountability for employee absence when addressing the medical records events that where recorded. Paul Cronan’s supervisor allotted two appointments in the spring for medical appointments. Afterwards or the next time the medical condition needed to be disclosed first before getting an appointment. Paul’s supervisor stated that he would need to accountability for his absence, and needed the inf... Free Essays on Cronan Paul Free Essays on Cronan Paul PAUL CRONAN CASE Ethics deals with questions and subjects at all levels. Its subject consists of the fundamental issues of practical decision making, and its major concerns include the nature of high values and the standards by which human actions can be judged by right or wrong. This is based on areas such as culture, socio-economic, community, and religion. The terms ethics and morality are closely related. We now often refer to ethical judgments or ethical principles where it once would have been more common to speak of moral judgments or moral principles. Academically, however, the term refers not to morality itself but to the field of study, or branch of inquiry, that has morality as its subject matter. In this sense, ethics is equivalent to moral philosophy. I will examine the case from the point of view of the corporate entity. The corporation or company will often be under the specific â€Å"spotlight† per say, although all agents of the organization will deal with such situations as in the Paul Cronan Case. This would especially be the case when dealing with an individual discrimination issue or ethical situation. Larger areas such as environment ethics most often would point the finger or involve the company as entity from the beginning of the issue. Then the company itself may find revelation within its ranks. 1) The key ethical issues in this case would be privacy of the employee and medical records, discrimination, and occupational safety or the safety of others. 2) There was no continuity between policy and accountability for employee absence when addressing the medical records events that where recorded. Paul Cronan’s supervisor allotted two appointments in the spring for medical appointments. Afterwards or the next time the medical condition needed to be disclosed first before getting an appointment. Paul’s supervisor stated that he would need to accountability for his absence, and needed the inf...